Reference

Estate Planning Glossary

Plain-English definitions for every estate planning term you'll encounter. No legalese, no confusion.

B
Beneficiary

A person or entity designated to receive assets from a will, trust, insurance policy, or retirement account.

C
Codicil

A legal document that modifies or amends an existing will without replacing it entirely.

D
Decedent

A person who has died. The decedent's estate is the property they owned at the time of death.

Durable Power of Attorney

A legal document authorizing someone to act on your behalf in financial matters, remaining effective even if you become incapacitated.

E
Estate

All property, assets, and liabilities owned by a person at the time of their death.

Executor

The person named in a will to administer the estate, pay debts, and distribute assets to beneficiaries.

F
Fiduciary

A person or entity with a legal obligation to act in the best interests of another party.

G
Grantor

The person who creates and funds a trust. Also called a settlor or trustor.

Guardian

A person appointed by a court or named in a will to care for a minor child or incapacitated adult.

H
Healthcare Proxy

A person authorized to make medical decisions on your behalf if you are unable to do so.

I
Intestate

Dying without a valid will. State law determines how intestate estates are distributed.

Irrevocable Trust

A trust that cannot be modified or revoked after it is created, offering stronger asset protection than a revocable trust.

J
Joint Tenancy

A form of property ownership where two or more people own equal shares. When one owner dies, their share passes automatically to the surviving owner(s).

L
Letters Testamentary

A court document authorizing an executor to act on behalf of a deceased person's estate.

Living Will

A legal document specifying your wishes for end-of-life medical care if you are unable to communicate them.

M
Medicaid

A joint federal-state program providing health coverage for low-income individuals, including long-term care for the elderly.

P
Per Stirpes

A distribution method where a deceased beneficiary's share passes to their descendants.

Probate

The court-supervised process of validating a will, paying debts, and distributing a deceased person's estate.

R
Revocable Living Trust

A trust created during your lifetime that can be modified or revoked. Assets in the trust avoid probate.

S
Successor Trustee

The person or institution that takes over management of a trust when the original trustee dies or becomes incapacitated.

T
Tenancy in Common

A form of co-ownership where each owner holds a separate, transferable share of the property.

Testamentary Trust

A trust created by the terms of a will, taking effect only upon the death of the will's creator.

Trustee

The person or institution responsible for managing trust assets according to the trust document.

W
Will

A legal document specifying how a person's assets should be distributed after death. Must go through probate.